需要保持清醒吗?

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如果我晚上没有好好休息,那么我会昏昏欲睡、生气。。。在我真正小睡或睡觉后,我实际上正在完成更多的工作。

别介意再过 8 个小时!

保持警惕,保持专注

不愉快这个词还不足以形容那种累到想睡觉,但同时又需要保持清醒的感觉!这是一种如此糟糕的体验,以至于睡眠剥夺被认为是一种不人道的待遇形式:

“/These methods, sometimes termed “disorientation” or “ sensory deprivation“ techniques, were not used in any cases other than the fourteen so indicated above. It emerges from the Commission’s establishment of the facts that the techniques consisted of …wall-standing; hooding; subjection to noise; deprivation of sleep; deprivation of food and drink./

147. 在其报告中,委员会表示意见……(iv) 一致认为,在其审理的案件中,五种技术的联合使用构成了违反第三条(第三条)的不人道待遇和酷刑的做法;(v) 一致认为,通过不人道的,在两个案件中是降低人格的待遇,违反了第三条(第三条)”

Stress and duress, Sensory deprivation techniques comprised torture , Stress and duress – Wikipedia

在之前的帖子中,我质疑为什么你会想这样对待自己。一个流行的原因是因为工作或学习的承诺,在这篇文章中,我会解释一些技巧和方法,帮助你度过“必须保持清醒”的时刻。

请记住,这些都是短期解决方案,不应该定期使用。许多建议的技术可能会对你的身体造成不必要的压力,并有长期健康影响。

Tired? Never Mind Only Another 8 Hours To Go!
Photo by @Jennyrsmith via Twenty20

咖啡因 - 首选的兴奋剂

作为地球上消费最多的兴奋剂,咖啡因在帮助我们保持清醒和警觉方面是明确的赢家。当然还有其他的兴奋剂也有效,但没有什么像咖啡因这样受欢迎并被普遍认为是无害的。

研究和个人经验似乎都支持这个假设。例如,当我为考试学习,或有一个非常紧张的工作安排时,我使用咖啡因来保持警觉并帮助我度过疲劳。

在《人类精神药理学:临床与实验》第20卷的一篇文章中,由Andrew P. Smith撰写的题为《工作中的咖啡因》,Andrew确认了:

“The results from the first study showed that those who consumed higher levels of caffeine reported significantly greater increases in alertness over the working day and a significantly smaller slowing of reaction time. The results from the second study demonstrated significant associations between caffeine consumption and fewer cognitive failures and accidents at work. After controlling for possible confounding factors it was found that higher caffeine consumption was associated with about half the risk of frequent/very frequent cognitive failures and a similar reduction in risk for accidents at work.”
“Overall, the results from the three analyses show that caffeine consumption may have benefits for performance and safety at work”

Smith, A. (2005). 工作中的咖啡因。人类精神药理学:临床与实验, 20(6), 441-445.

兴奋剂

过度工作的业主经营者经常一天开车高达十八个小时,而且常常“一周没有脱过衣服”。安全委员会详细介绍了卡车司机用来保持清醒的各种方法。除了传统的依赖各种形式的咖啡因外,商业运输者转向几乎任何闻起来或尝起来足够刺激他们疲惫感官的东西

Derickson, Alan. 危险地困倦 (第114页). 宾夕法尼亚大学出版社, Inc..

兴奋剂的问题在于,可能会过度依赖它们来帮助我们度过疲劳。这反过来又导致我们需要更大的剂量来达到同样的清醒效果,到了需要兴奋剂才能正常功能的地步。

而且,事实是,摄入咖啡因实际上并不会让你表现得更好,但足以帮助你度过困难时期。将定期摄入咖啡因与睡眠剥夺结合起来,可能导致一些危险但并不意外的结果。

这种行为的后果总是糟糕的。经过几天短暂的睡眠后,司机经历了幻觉。他们明显表现出轮班工作睡眠障碍的证据,在进行对话或在终端执行例行任务时打瞌睡。一位疲惫的男子幸运地有一个帮手陪同他,当他试图将他的车停在路中间时给予他建议。其他人则运气更差。涉及困倦的卡车司机的多起碰撞事件被发现。在一个案例中,操作员忽略了一个过路信号,并驶入了一辆正在移动的火车的侧面。

Derickson, Alan. 危险地困倦 (第115页). 宾夕法尼亚大学出版社, Inc.. Kindle版。

替代品

鉴于我们中的大多数人在某个时刻都需要在极度疲劳的情况下工作、学习或照顾某人,那么有什么替代方案呢?如果只是短期(一到三天)的拉伸,那么在24小时内消费不超过400mg的咖啡因可以有所帮助。但如果你想避免咖啡因,那么一位参加了一项旨在研究影响在船上服役水手的因素的研究的水手给出的答案可能为我们提供了一个好的起点。

“如果我晚上没有好好休息,我就会感到昏昏欲睡和愤怒……我实际上在小睡或睡觉后完成了更多的工作。我意识到我(在睡眠剥夺时)犯了很多错误。当我们切换到小睡时,我的情绪变得更好。我的工作质量也变得更好”。

Schmied, E.A., Harrison, E.M., Dell’Acqua, R.G., Perez, V.G., Glickman, .G., & Hurtado, S.L. (0020). 对影响船上水手睡眠的因素进行定性考察。军事医学, AdvanceArticle, 1-1.
  • Nap
    Whether you are working late or through the night, or during the day, if you are feeling tired, take a nap. Not only will you feel better but a 20 minute nap can help you be more focussed and productive, boosting the quality of your work.

“当前的证据表明,大约20分钟的小睡可以减少睡眠压力”

Murillo-Rodríguez, E., Yamamoto, T., Monteiro, D., Budde, H., Rocha, N., Cid, L., Teixeira, D., Telles-Correia, D., Veras, A., Machado, S., Imperatori, C., & Torterolo, P. (2020). 通过小睡的好处来评估过度白天嗜睡的管理。*睡眠与警觉,* *4(2),* 117-123.
  • Get up and Move
    Stretch and go for a walk. By getting your heart pumping and body moving you help yourself become more alert compared to just sitting down. To increase the benefit of both your exercise and napping, go for a quick brisk walk then have a 20 minute nap!

“Sleep leads to the enhancement of memory, and physical exercise also improves memory along with beneficial effects on sleep quality…”
“Our results demonstrate that short-term exercise and a nap improve recognition memory over a nap or exercise alone.”

Mograss, .M., Crosetta, .M., Abi-Jaoude, .J., Frolova, .E., Robertson, E.M., Pepin, .V., & Dang-Vu, T.T. (2020). 锻炼后小睡比单独小睡或锻炼更能改善记忆力。SLEEP, 43(9),
  • Tiredness Indicators
    When tired it can be difficult to acknowledge just how tired you are. The stress of work or study related issues mixed with tiredness can be motivation enough to just plough on until you get what you need to do, done. Unfortunately this can lead to the detriment of the quality of the work that you put out, and may be dangerous. By the time you are reaching for caffeine, it’s already way past when you should have stopped and taken a break. Luckily there are tools like our app V-CAF Stay Awake Stay Alert, that can alert you to when your alertness levels drop so that you can get up and walk before taking a nap. A simple to use Apple Watch app that works with your body to alert you when you’re tired, V-CAF is available on the app store now.

Review

咖啡因有效,但不应该用来让你保持清醒的时间过长(每次一到三天)并且你应该将你的消费限制在每24小时200mg到400mg的咖啡因之间。

当疲倦时,进行定期的运动休息和小睡,以帮助缓解疲劳的积累,并帮助快速提升你的专注力和心智能力。

跟踪你有多疲倦,并在只是盲目努力前进之前被提醒定期休息。

但最好的建议是,当你可以的时候,尽可能获得尽量多的优质睡眠!

保持安全 🙃

后记

“当我们疲倦时,我们会被我们很久以前就征服的想法攻击”

Friedrich Nietzsche, source: When We Are Tired, We Are Attacked by Ideas We Conquered Long Ago – Quote Investigator

Download V-CAF from the AppStore
V-CAF - Learning Hub's 50 Best Apple Watch Apps Must Haves for 2020
V-CAF - Learning Hub's 50 Best Apple Watch Apps Must Haves for 2020.
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